Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an injectable contraceptive that contains the same progestin found in some menopausal hormone therapy regimens. In the April 15 issue of Cancer Research, Christopher I. Li and colleagues report on a population-based case-control study among 1,028 women ages 20 to 44 years to assess the association between DMPA use and breast cancer risk. The study found that recent DMPA use for 12 months or longer was associated with a 2.2-fold increased risk of invasive breast cancer.